Fachbegriffe & Abkürzungen – Das UAS-Glossar
Wer sich mit dem Betrieb unbemannter Luftfahrtsysteme beschäftigt, stößt immer wieder auf bestimmte Fachbegriffe und Abkürzungen, die in der Drone-Economy wie selbstverständlich verwendet werden. Doch was verbirgt sich eigentlich dahinter? Das UAS-Glossar aus dem Verband für unbemannte Luftfahrt erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, wird situativ ergänzt und wo erforderlich aktualisiert.
UAS-Definitionen
basierend auf aktueller Konvention von ICAO / JARUS / EASA
Abkürzungen / Abbreviations
| Abkürzung | Description | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| ACAS | Airborne collision avoidance system | Flugzeug Kollisions-Vermeidungs System |
| ADS-B | Automatic dependent surveillance — broadcast | automatischer Überwachungs-Rundfunkdienst |
| AM(R)S | Aeronautical mobile (route) service | beweglicher Luftfahrt (Strecken) Dienst |
| AMS(R)S | Aeronautical mobile satellite (route) service | beweglicher Luftfahrt (Strecken) Satellitendienst |
| ARNS | Aeronautical radio navigation service | Luftfahrt Funknavigationsdienst |
| ARNSS | Aeronautical radio navigation satellite service | Luftfahrt Funknavigations Satellitendienst |
| ATC | Air traffic control | Flugverkehrskontrolle |
| ATM | Air traffic management | Flugverkehrsmanagement |
| ATS | Air traffic services | Flugverkehrsdienste |
| C2 | Command and control | Steuerung und Überwachung |
| C3 | Command, control and communications | Steuerung, Überwachung und Kommunikation |
| CAA | Civil Aviation Authority | Zivile Luftfahrtbehörde |
| CPDLC | Controller-pilot data link communications | Datenfernübertragung Pilot-Flugverkehrslotse |
| EASA | European Aviation Safety Agency | Europäische Luftfahrt Sicherheits Agentur |
| EUROCAE | European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment | Europäische Organisation für Standardisierung ziviler Luftfahrtausrüstung |
| HF | High frequency | Hochfrequenz (Funkwellen) |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization | Internationale zivile Luftfahrt Organisation |
| IFR | Instrument flight rules | Instrumentenflugregeln |
| IMC | Instrument meteorological conditions | Instrumentenflug Wetterbedingungen |
| ITU | International Telecommunication Union | Internationale Fernmeldeunion |
| PANS | Procedures for Air Navigation Services | Verfahren für Flugnavigationsdienste |
| QOS | Quality of service | Qualität der Dienstleistungen |
| RLOS | Radio line of sight | Bereich mit direktem Funkkontakt |
| RP | Remote Pilot | Fernführer von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen |
| RPA | Remotely-piloted aircraft | ferngesteuertes Luftfahrzeug |
| RPAS | Remotely-piloted aircraft system | ferngesteuertes Luftfahrzeug-System |
| RPL | Remote pilot license | Fernführer – Lizenz |
| RPS | Remote pilot station | Bodenstation von unbemannten Luftfahrzeug-Systemen |
| RTCA | Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics Inc. | Vereinigung für Kommunikation, Navigation und Überwachung des Flugverkehrsmanagements.(USA) |
| SAR | Search and rescue (service) | Such und Rettungsdienst |
| SARPs | Standards and Recommended Practices | Standards und empfohlene Praxis |
| SATCOM | Satellite communication | Satellitenkommunikation |
| SMS | Safety management system(s) | (Flug) Sicherheits Management System(e) |
| SSP | State safety programme | nationales (Flug) Sicherheitsprogramm |
| UA | Unmanned aircraft | unbemanntes Luftfahrzeug |
| UAS | Unmanned aircraft system(s) | unbemanntes Luftfahrzeug System |
| UOC | UAS operator certificate | UAS-Betreiber Genehmigung |
| VDL | VHF digital link | digitale VHF Funkverbindung |
| VFR | Visual flight rules | Sichtflugregeln |
| VHF | Very high frequency | Funkwellen sehr hoher Frequenz |
| VLOS | Visual line-of-sight | Bereich direkter (ungestörter) Sichtverbindung |
| VMC | Visual meteorological conditions | Sichtflug-Wetterbedingungen |
| WRC | World Radiocommunication Conference | Welt Funkkommunikationskonferenz |
Glossar / Glossary (Explanation of Terms)
| Begriff | Explanation | Beschreibung |
|---|---|---|
| Aircraft* | Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface. | |
| Aircraft — category* | Classification of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, e.g. aeroplane, helicopter, glider, free balloon. | |
| Autonomous aircraft | An unmanned aircraft that does not allow pilot intervention in the management of the flight. | |
| Autonomous operation | An operation during which a remotely-piloted aircraft is operating without pilot intervention in the management of the flight. | |
| Command and control link | The data link between the remotely-piloted aircraft and the remote pilot station for the purposes of managing the flight. | |
| Commercial operation | An aircraft operation conducted for business purposes (mapping, security surveillance, wildlife survey, aerial application, etc.) other than commercial air transport, for remuneration or hire. | |
| Crew member* | A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period. | |
| Detect and avoid | The capability to see, sense or detect conflicting traffic or other hazards and take the appropriate action to comply with the applicable rules of flight. | |
| Flight crew member* | A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight duty period. | |
| Flight recorder** | Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation. In the case of remotely-piloted aircraft, it also includes any type of recorder installed in a remote pilot station for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation. | |
| Flight time — aeroplanes* | The total time from the moment an aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight. | |
| Flight time — helicopters* | The total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning until the moment the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped. | |
| Flying pilot | A person who operates the flying controls of an aircraft and is responsible for the flight trajectory of the aircraft. | |
| Handover | The act of passing piloting control from one remote pilot station to another. (x) ICAO Circular 328-AN/190 | |
| Instrument flight time* | Time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points. | |
| Lost link. | The loss of command and control link contact with the remotely-piloted aircraft such that the remote pilot can no longer manage the aircraft’s flight. | |
| Operational control* | The exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight. | |
| Operator* | A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation. | |
| Pilot (to)* | To manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time. | |
| Pilot-in-command* (PIC) | The pilot designated by the operator, or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight. | |
| Radio line-of-sight | A direct electronic point-to-point contact between a transmitter and a receiver. | |
| Remote crew member (RCM) | A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of a remotely-piloted aircraft, during flight time. | |
| Remote pilot (RP) | The person who manipulates the flight controls of a remotely-piloted aircraft during flight time. | |
| Remote pilot station (RPS) | The station at which the remote pilot manages the flight of an unmanned aircraft. | |
| Remotely-piloted | Control of an aircraft from a pilot station which is not on board the aircraft. | |
| Remotely-piloted aircraft | An aircraft where the flying pilot is not on board the aircraft. Note.— This is a subcategory of unmanned aircraft. | |
| Remotely-piloted aircraft system | A set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely-piloted aircraft, its associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control links and any other system elements as may be required, at any point during flight operation. | |
| RPA observer | A remote crew member who, by visual observation of the remotely-piloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in the safe conduct of the flight. | |
| Segregated airspace | Airspace of specified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific user(s). | |
| Unmanned aircraft | An aircraft which is intended to operate with no pilot on board. | |
| Unmanned aircraft system | An aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot on board. | |
| Visual line-of-sight operation | An operation in which the remote crew maintains direct visual contact with the aircraft to manage its flight and meet separation and collision avoidance responsibilities. |
Note:
Begriffe mit einem Stern* entsprechen den offiziellen IACAO-Festlegungen;
Begriffe mit zwei Sternen** sind in inoffiziellem ICAO-Sprachgebrauch.
©UAV DACH